The Misinterpretation Of Reality by Arthur Miller - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1716 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Whenever hysteria occurs, it appears to tolerate the misinterpretation of reality, unspeakable actions and baseless allegations causing societies to break. In the novel The Crucible, Arthur Miller the author of the book, depicts this throughout the story. The Crucible takes place in the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the year 1692. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Misinterpretation Of Reality by Arthur Miller" essay for you Create order There are several key settings throughout the story. The entire book is about how an insignificant group of girls create mass hysteria in a small town, and how it impacts hundreds of people. The story begins when a group of girls dance in the woods with a black slave named Tituba. While they dance, they are discovered by Reverend Parris, the local minister of Salem. Betty, Parris daughter, fall unconscious on the ground when she sees him. Soon people gather up in Parris home while rumors about witchcraft go around the town. Everything and everyone in Salem simply belongs to God or to the devil; argument is not merely illegal, it is linked with satanic activity. This contrast functions as the underlying logic of why the witch trials take place. Hysteria plays an important role in the town of Salem through power of manipulation and fear which is evident in the decisions of those who accuse, those who are accused and those who judge them. Back in history, women usually stayed at home, cleaned the house and cooked and sewed. They didnt go out to work as often and many girls didnt even get to go to school. Men were considered to be much more important than women, white people were considered of high status than any other race and the wealthy had more position and power than the poor. The Crucible portrays these divisions, and privileges that certain characters have over the other and how they accuse and manipulate people to their own advantage. Firstly, when Parris say, Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month!(Miller 84) or Hers come to overthrow this court, Your Honour(Miller 85). He is unhesitant to blame people that didnt like him, and tries to win favour in the town by being a kiss-up to the judges. Also, in his desperate attempt to protect his reputation, he conveniently hid the fact that Abigail Williams had been caught casting spells in the forest. As Miller says,the paranoid, real or pretended, always secretes its pearl around a grain of fact. Blinded by keeping their public reputation, the people of Salem fear that the sins of their friends, family and their close ones will taint their names. Furthermore, Mrs. Putnams believes, If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his propertykilling neighbors for their land(Miller 89). She was too obsessed on blaming other people for the death of her children. She had already turned to witchcraft to find out who murdered her children and without a th ought she jumped on the accusation bandwagon. As Miller says, Not everybody was accused, after all, so there must be some reason why you were. Thomas caused his daughter to cry out against people whose land he wanted to acquire when they were imprisoned. This shows that hysteria only thrives because people benefit from it. Likewise, there is Abigail Williams who accuses Mary Warren,But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary(Miller 106). When people are inclined to die for a justification, unfortunately theyre often willing to kill for that same justification. In The Crucible, the belief that witchcraft was a manifestation of Satans presence in their town caused them, in their religious vehemence, to eradicate or kill any indications of witchcraft that was thought to be against god. As Weales says, A mood of mass hysteria in which guilt and confession become public virtues. Abby realizes the power of hysteria and uses the situation to accuse Mary Warren of witchcraft and have her sent to jai l. This was significant because if someone was accused and denied the accusations, they were immediately hung, but if one confessed, all they did was muddy their names and not stay true to their faith. Consequently, the people of Salem accept and become active in the hysterical climate not only out of sincere religious holiness or devotion but also because it gives them an opportunity to express repressed sentiments and resentments. Hysteria also plays out in destroying several innocent peoplers lives, mainly because the people of Salem committed ridiculously irrational acts guided by their suppressed emotions, for instance rage and greed or out of utter oafishness. This shows how easy it is for people to accuse one another without any hard evidence due to the fickle nature of the court in town. This is best illustrated through Giles Corey when he said, It discomfits me! Last night mark this I tried and tried and could not say my prayers. And then she close her book and walks out of the house, and suddenly mark this I could pray again!(Miller 38). Later in the story his wife is being accused of cursing the pigs and reading fortunes and when asked the name of the accuser, they say it was Giles who accused her own wife. When she is arrested, he regrets talking about the books and tells the court that he only said she read them, not that she was into witchcraft. But it was already too late. In the same way, Elizabeth, John Proctorrs wife was accused by Abigail Williams who wanted to get rid of his wife so they can be together. But John realizes his sins and confesses to the court of Adultery and the only reason why Abigail is accusing his wife is that she wants to replace her, as John announces, But it is a whorers vengeance(102). As Ditsky observes, The case of Abigail involves moral choice in spite of enlightenment of sorts of the side of wrong by this partner in John Proctorrs love affair. When Elizabeth finds out that Abigail is the one who accused her, she immediately tells John that Abigail is taking a big chance in accusing her, since Elizabeth is a farmerrs wife with some status. But little did she know that Abigail is gambling it all to go after John. Consequently, John tries to convince Mary Warren to testify against her, but Abigail, through her manipulative ability shifts the accusation back onto Mary. In a foolish attempt to save herself, Mary charges John that he forced her to do by saying,He come at me by night and every day to sign, to sign, to-(Miller 121). In brief, the unrelenting desire to want more and own more generated an environment that vitalized falsehood, deception and manipulation among neighbours. This draws the extreme lengths the characters are willing to go to and the innocent lives they are ready to destroy just to have the thing they desire leads to the witch trials. Many characters struggle with judgement before and after the events in the story, trying to figure out if the outcomes of their actions are just or not. Making a judgement on somebody may seem harmless and inconspicuous, but it can be catastrophic. The Crucible outlines this through peoplers poor judgement that led to mass hysteria and calamity in the town of Salem. Take for example Danforth who said, Do you know Mr. Proctor, that the entire contention of the state in these trials is that the voice of Haven is speaking through the children?(82). Danforth has already decided that the girls are innocent and are speaking truthfully, that God is speaking through them, and so anyone they accuse must automatically be guilty. This is clearly the kind of bias that prevents people from getting fair trials and assigns an absurd amount of power to the undeserving. As Miller says, the plot justified the crushing of all nuance, all the shading that a realistic judgement of reality requires. Danforthrs Judgement, which he is always very single-minded and strict about, is obviously wrong: Elizabeth, Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse are not witches at all. Danforth cant change his mind, even after all the evidence, reasoning and rationale points him towards being wrong. Danforth mindlessly believes that a reliable judge must never reconsider his stance. In contrast, there is Hale who confronts, Excellency, I have signed seventy-two death warrants; I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it(Miller 92). As the story goes on, his motive starts to change. When faced with the truth, he is unsure about accepting his mistake, probably because he never imagined the idea of the accusers being wrong. If this was the case, then all the death warrants he has signed where a mistake, resulting in the innocent deaths being placed on his shoulders. Also, confessing his sins would automatically destroy his reputation as well as publicrs trust. Lastly, Hathorne with a mystical tone, says: God be praised! It is a providence! He rushes out the door, and his voice is heard calling down the corridor, He will confess! Proctor will confess!(127). As time, the executions go by, Danforth and Hathorne stay convicted of the authority and truth of the court. Hathorne becomes extremely joyful when John Proctor is ready to falsely confess to witchcraft. Hathorne regrets nothing. As a result, hysteria overrides logic and allows people to believe that their neighbours, whom they have always considered honest and upright people, are committing ridiculous and far-fetched crimes namely interacting with the devil, killing babies, and so on. In conclusion, hysteria plays a major role in bringing unreasonable acts to the people of Salem. There is no room for deviation from social norms, as anyone whose private life is not in accordance with established moral laws poses a threat not only to the public good but also to God and his religion. This creates an environment in which people act on their grievance and resentments, which is illustrated by many characters throughout the story, as they eventually destroy each other in the process. Hysteria is displayed by societies all over the world. It is a crucial aspect in establishing and, in particular, breaking relationships.

Michael Foucaults Discipline And Punishment Book Analysis

Power, as we learn from the 20th century social theorist Michael Foucault, is knowledge. Wielded as a tool for those whom seek to change the social order power forever switches hands, and belongs to no man for too long completely without consequence. In reference, to Foucault’s Discipline and Punishment: The Birth of the Prison reading while power is knowledge it is kept or maintained through punishment. During the 18th century, corporal punishment was often brutally employed to keep order for those in power. An excerpt from the reading states, â€Å"†¦each drew out a knife from his pocket and cut the body at the thigh instead of severing the legs at the joints; the four horses gave a tug and carried off the two thighs after them, namely, that†¦show more content†¦Gangs as I’ve stated previously were created to combat oppressive higher powers, in modern society while the methods have changed the reasoning has not. Repeatedly placed in systems geared towar d reformation as a result of continuous deviant behavior, once inside prisoners have found a new purpose while locked away. No longer are they paying attention to reformation methods they now are able to congregate with those of a similar mindset, and form new effective methods to combat the evolving higher powers. Turning the system true purpose into a self or group serving opportunity, and the power which was once oppressive becomes empowering. Social theorist Patricia Collins, in Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, in fact states power can be understood not just as oppression but also as empowerment. (insert citation p.237) While her research is geared towards understanding, and the empowerment of black women Collins makes an excellent point about power inequities among groups. She states, â€Å"power inequities among groups must be addressed before an alternative epistemology†¦. can be utilized.† (insert citation 237) While built upon the oppressive nature of the United States on those whom identity within a minority group, gangs have flourished with certain parts of the US. However, where they have prospered they have also failed with the induction of new members older recruits are bitterly retiredShow MoreRelatedMichael Foucault s Discipline And Punish : The Birth Of The Prison Essay2061 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Foucault’s chapter Panopticism from hi s book Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, analyzes how power has advanced through the use of surveillance. The chapter explores how surveillance first evolved when the King was the overall dictator and enforcer. The King held all the power; he decided which rules must be followed and the consequences or punishments that were applicable when these rules were disregarded. The idea of observation and surveillance first evolved when the plagueRead MoreThe Casey Anthony Case Essay2176 Words   |  9 Pagesrepresents this. The discussion of the complexities of the case and its connotations will incorporate Stuart Hall’s Representation and the Media, Robert Hariman’s Performing the Laws, What is Ideology by Terry Eagleton, The Body of the Condemned by Michael Foucault, and a number of news articles, which will reveal disparate ideas of representation in the media, and the role of the performers of the law and their effect on the understanding of the case. To begin, I will provide a summary of what happenedRead MoreEssay on Understanding Change15189 Words   |  61 Pagesspectator view of knowledge 1.7 Summary Study questions Exercises Further reading References 4 6 6 7 8 13 16 18 20 22 24 24 25 28 28 29 30 33 35 35 36 36 4 UNDERSTANDING CHANGE 1.1 Introduction This chapter lays the framework for this book by arguing that organizational change is developed within models and frameworks that inform our understanding of the subject. In this chapter we will learn that knowledge and practice of organizational change are influenced by assumptions derived fromRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

Lord of the Flies Roger Character Study Free Essays

Roger is one of the antagonists in the novel, Lord of the Flies, and the decisions that he makes have major impact on the unfolding of the story. He is introduced as a slightly built boy who is shy, secretive and keeps to himself. Rather than let Jack automatically become the leader, Roger suggests that they have a vote. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Roger Character Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now This demonstrates how at the start he was a civilized person who knew what was proper and just to do, rather than simply allowing the loudest voice to get their way. Roger is shown to be a bully as he constantly picks on the littluns by destroying their sandcastles, throwing sand in their eyes and throwing rocks at them. By Rogers own nature he really wanted to hit the boys with the stones but was held back by society’s conditioning of his behavior and as a result missed every time. In the hunt his true sadistic nature is further evidenced by his excessive violence towards the pig. This all demonstrates that he had made a conscious decision to follow Jack rather than Ralph as this allowed him to foster his dark intentions even though he knew that this was morally wrong. He chose to be involved in the frenzy that lead to the brutal murder of Simon and afterwards showed no remorse for his actions. Therefore civilization was being removed as an inhibiting factor and Roger became increasingly more primitive and savage in his behaviour. When Roger hears of Jack’s intentions to beat Wilfred he hurries back to the tribe so that he can torture him himself, showing the further lost of any control society once had on him. When he was looking down at Piggy from his vantage point at Castle Rock, his only thoughts about Piggy were that he was a â€Å"bag of fat†, highlighting Rogers’s now clearly evident complete lack of empathy for others. By this stage Roger is well and truly a savage with no more restraints of civilization and because of this he gave into his sadistic urges and pushed the boulder off the cliff, killing Piggy. In dealing with newly captive Sam and Eric, Roger asserts authority through violence and forces them to join the tribe and tell him of Ralph’s whereabouts, expressing his disregard for conventional authority. The next day Roger sets out with Jack on the hunt for Ralph with the intention of killing him and impaling him so that he can offer him to the Beast. At this point Roger exemplifies the complete breakdown of the boys’ behaviour from a civilized Christian background to a Pagan tribe. However he is stopped utterly in his tracks when the naval officer appears and he is dragged back to reality. In a flash the sight of a representative of civilisation from a screaming savage and has brought back all the memories of humanity. Rogers’s decisions reflect how his character gradually disintegrated under the breakdown of order. To me Roger is a despicable and reprehensible character who illustrates the worst aspects of humanity. How to cite Lord of the Flies Roger Character Study, Papers

Transportation and Distribution Incoterms and Carrier Selection

Question: Discuss about theTransportation and Distribution for Incoterms and Carrier Selection. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this assignment is to analyze effectiveness of the incoterms selection consideration, incoterms refer to set of rules or binding contracts that guide business globally, whenever goods and services are transferred from the seller to the buyer. Context in focus is transportation globally for the Procter Gamble Company, their carrier selection, what is the determining factor towards selection of a carrier of goods as the manager (Coyle et all 2016, p.347). The paper focuses on maintaining relationship between the carrier and Proctor and Gamble company. It will also focus on the relationship management that is between the carrier and Procter Gamble Company, the factors to consider when staging and picking orders to avoid the carriers from being overcharged, thus making cost of transportation low (Myerson, 2015 p.150). Headquartered in Cincinnati, United states founded in 1837 and incorporated on 5th May 1905, Procter Gamble Company is an organization that packages goods for consumers, it provides goods in several segments namely beauty product such as lotions, fabric care like the diapers, home care appliances and baby feminine as well as family care products, the company products are purchased in more than 180 countries globally, the company has subsidiaries in Asia, Africa. South America and North America. Procter Gamble Co (PG). (2016, August 01). Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=PG The organization has a global market presence. It has offices in most of its business operation centers. Its main competitors include; Uniliver, Henkel and Beiersdorf and Johnson Johnson. The Procter Gamble Company Profile. (2016) Retrieved from https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.the_procter__gamble_company.89fae93ad9ab54d7.html. Procter Gamble develops an overall brand strategy, the information about the company is uniform globally, when competition arises, the company upgrades its products more so its marketing gimmicks. The products are purchased in supermarkets, drug stores, online via its websites and also the suppliers not forgetting the distributors of salon products. The company has existed for over 178 years since its managements believes in changing everything based on competition, the only thing that remain as it is are the company core values. Building a Better Company. (2016) Retrieved from https://www.pginvestor.com/CompanyStrategy/Index?KeyGenPage=208821 Proctor Gamble Effectiveness Transportation Capability Proctor and Gamble has moved transportation of its goods from the roads to rail and an avenue of inland shipping, the company also analyzed instances whereby there was a wastage and it has worked to reduce wastage drastically. The system of waste reduction and using other avenues of transportation which cut mile deliveries, has enabled the company, to move ahead of competitors, in coming up with a cost effective logistics system. The project is named Tina, which is an environment friendly project, saving Europe from over 67000 tons of carbon emitted each year. Project Tina was launched in two countries in 2009, the project has been an adaptive model all over Europe for the Proctor Gamble. Since the project introduction, the company has redesigned its supply network too. Towards waste reduction in the transport network, the company has moved its distribution centers closer to the customers, the customers comprise of retailers, individual customers and also wholesale customers. The or ganization has changed its packet volumes by ensuring the products are compacted, the measure has reduced the volumes of packaged goods. Simon B. (2011, May 16). Procter Gamble - greening up logistics. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/procter-gamble-greens-logistics Appropriate Incoterms to be used by the Proctor Gamble. The company should use incoterms that covers transport over water bodies and rail (Jaffeux Wieser, 2012 p. 146). The incoterm used should define aspect like the geographical location,handling conditions and the destination. As a manager I would recommend incoterms to be used by the Proctor Gamble to include; FCA which is an incoterm under carriage, in this incoterm the company will deliver the products cleared for export to the carrier or the shipping company, that has been chosen by the buyer at the agreed place of delivery, in this incoterm if delivery happens at the Proctor Gamble selling point, then the organization is responsible for loading, if delivery doesnt happen at its selling premises, Proctor Gamble will not be responsible for the loading.( Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27). Incoterm FAS (Free alongside ship) in this incoterm, Proctor and Gamble will deliver upon goods delivered alongside the ship at the named port of shipping. After delivery the buyer will bear all costs and risks. In case the buyer wants to export the goods, he will clear the exporting costs. (Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27).Incoterm DES (Delivered by Ex Ship) The organization will deliver once goods are available to the buyers on board, in this incoterm the ship is normally not cleared for import at the port of the destination, the seller in this context is responsible for unloading goods. Incoterm CIF (Cost, insurance and Freight) in this incoterm Proctor Gamble will be responsible for transportation of the goods to the buyer and other issues such as loss that might result during transport. The company will be obliged to take insurance cover at a minimum cost, it will be an advantage to the company in case something unexpected happens, like ship sinking or the ship develops a mechanical problem, which will result to company loses, for other extra insurance charges the buyer is responsible. For rail transport Proctor Gamble can use the incoterm EXW, the company having embraced the idea of having the storehouses closer to the buyers, it will deliver products to its warehouses via the rail to the packing plants next to the buyers, in this incoterm the buyers are responsible for loading, formalities in place in exporting and importing all costs that Proctor Gamble will incur as it submits the goods to the buyers via the rail. (Rodrguez Lam 2009, p.27). Transportation Goals and Needs of the Proctor and Gamble According to Annis Skoufalos, the product and supply officer Product Gamble globally, the main objective or need of the company as far as transport is concerned is to make their operation to be trackable or appealing to customers at 80%, he emphasizes the company business operations are justified and measured by the customers. The companys goal is to have the products transported to 80% percent of its retailers within one day, to make that a reality, Proctor Gamble saw the need to build up mega distribution centers which are strategically located not only in North America but also every country that it has a footprint in business. The distribution centers can receive goods from all the business units at the distribution centers, transportation will be done at very high speed and efficiency. To support the distribution centers and have a transportation goal of 80% to the retailers or the buyers, the company has also restructured its manufacturing base in North America to ensure they are quick to respond to the needs of the distribution centers all over the world. Proctor Gamble has also campaigned for its suppliers to have their centers next to the distribution centers, this will ensure that suppliers have a continuous process of supply without running out of goods. Bob T. (2015, January 02). What does it take to remain a supply chain leader? Retrieved from https://www.supplychain247.com/article/what_does_it_take_to_remain_a_supply_chain_leader Proctor Gamble has a goal by 2020 to reduce transportation of goods using trucks. The companys vehicles have an improved fill rate and it has also increased use of multi modal transport. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation Appropriate Criteria to be Considered when Selecting the Carrier When Proctor Gamble is selecting a carrier, it should consider factors like transit time, based on their need to supply 80% of retailers on a given day, speed is needed here. Since the company endeavors to use rail and water transport more than the road, it is highly recommended that the carrier selected should be in a position to carry the goods with facilities that are water resistant, the storage of the carrier, should deliver the goods at the desired temperatures to the buyers. Items such clothes or diapers which are sold by Proctor Gamble, if exposed to water might be a loss to the company, the carriers selected should have the packing facilities that ensure goods reach the desired destination in the most desirable state, to the buyers and customers. (Coyle et all 2016, p.428). (Coyle et all 2016, p.429). The company should also use a limited number of carriers, the carrier selected should not be serving many companies at the same time, limited number of carriers will enable it to have a good purchasing order of dollars at a lower or affordable rate and build relationships with the service providers who will in the end understand business operations of Proctor Gamble. The carrier selected should be a carrier that has accorded quality service and efficiency. Last but not least the carrier selected, should be in a position to handle volumes of the goods transported by the company especially by the rail transport, making the supply continuous. The major goal for the Proctor Gamble company by 2020 is reduction of transport using the trucks, making sure that less kilometers are covered when transporting goods and also making sure that distributors are in continuous supply of goods. The organization focuses also on making sure that it emits less carbon in the atmosphere. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation According to (Kondo,1988, p.95) A company like Proctor Gamble should have a working relationship with the carriers, for instance the organization should establish contact people that are in communication with the carriers, a relationship with the carriers calls them to fully understand Proctor Gamble business operation, to understand how urgent their products are needed in the market and also the state at which the products are going to be delivered really matters. Proctor Gamble should have a direct relationship with the carriers (Grammenos, 2013 p.1023-1027). This enables the company to know exactly what is taking place within the carriers. Since Proctor Gamble is using different carriers in the business, under the rail and sea, it is also important that the organization to have intercompany relationship, the company as the main carrier is contacted and it steers its staff operation, to ensure Proctor Gamble objectives are highly met while maintaining their carrier business efficiency. A working relationship with the carriers, enable the company to have a feedback of the experience in the transportation process and what motivates efficiency. Intercompany relationship cab be facilitated by, making payments to the carriers on time and answering carriers calls, for emergencies since in the end it is Proctor Gamble needs to keep business moving. The company should endeavor to maintain a win win relationship win the carrier (Glowik,2014. p.21).this enabled by proving to the carrier importance of the task at hand, presently and how advantageous it will be in future. Conclusion Proctor Gamble an organization that has been existence since 1837 is among the leaders in supply chain business, for the market strategies to take place and success overall, there are key factors that happen in the background which the customers might not know, though the factors make the business thrive. The paper has defined incoterms as a set of rules or binding contract between the organization and a carrier. In the paper I assumed the role of a manager in analyzing effectiveness of transport capability by the Proctor Gamble, reduction of transport by road to rail and water. There are various incoterms that have been recommended for Proctor Gamble for example Incoterm CIF, which covers Cost, insurance and Freight. The assignment covers the carrier selection criteria visa vis the goals of the organization. The factors to consider and what best suits the company having in mind its service delivery of 80% to all retailers, within a day. Issues like the carrier relationship manageme nt and how best to build the relationship between the carrier and the Proctor Gamble. Having the carrier organization communicating directly with the Proctor Gamble, it helps the carrier organization to instill the values that are needed for delivery and expectation of their customers. The best way to have the carrier and Proctor Gamble having an understanding is ensuring a constant flow of communication. References Bob T. (2015, January 02). What does it take to remain a supply chain leader? Retrieved from https://www.supplychain247.com/article/what_does_it_take_to_remain_a_supply_chain_leader Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2016).Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Foekens, A., Mitrakas, A., Tan, Y. H. (1997, January). Facilitating international electronic commerce by formalising the Incoterms. InSystem Sciences, 1997, Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on(Vol. 4, pp. 459-467). IEEE. Grammenos, C. (2013).The handbook of maritime economics and business. Myerson, P. (2015).Supply chain and logistics management made easy: methods and applications for planning, operations, integration, control and improvement, and network design. Pearson Education. Jaffeux, C., Wieser, P. (Eds.). (2012).Essentials of logistics and management. CRC Press. Kondo, D. (1988).Business Basics in Hawaii: Secrets of Starting Your Own Small Business in Our State. University of Hawaii Press. Moving in the right direction (2015, May 2015) Retrieved from us.pg.com/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/focused-on/transportation Rodrguez, D., Cruz, C., Lam, F. (2009).Export logistics for fresh and processed products. Logstica para la exportacin de productos de productos agrcolas, frescos y procesados(No. IICA E71-184). Taylor Francis. Glowik, M., Bruhs, S. M. (2014).Business-to-business: A Global Network Perspective. Routledge.